Wednesday, February 8, 2012

Glossary of Terms

A Glossary of Terms is a handy little book with a narrow audience. If you aren't in that audience, it may be a wait for second edition.

This book is a glossary of linguistic and rhetorical terms that a student of Greek or Latin may run across. The author, R. U. Smith, Jr., has done a bang-up job. He illustrates terms with some nice examples and clear text. Since he realizes that students may not have the strongest grasp on Latin, he uses plenty of English examples. If one is so inclined, the occasional Old English example pops up. Happily, his language is a little old-fashioned in spots, as is befitting to a book like this. An example on p. 8:
The body of this handbook, like Gaul, is divided into three parts…
Or from p. 1:
All students of the classics, all classicists, are by necesity philologians (or philogogists)…
Anyway, I like that aspect of it. It's fun. More importantly, Smith has selected a set of terms that is broad enough to be useful but not so broad as to be cumbersome. He then goes on to tie it all up with good cross references.

But.

The problem is that this book is really written for people who can sort through its organization. The book is not friendly to beginners. Dividing the terms up by grammar, rhetoric and prosody is good if you're somewhat familiar with where each term goes, but it really limits the audience of the book. Where do you look for enallage? Personally, I'd rather look under E, but this book wants you to first know it is a rhetorical term. This would have been completely forgivable had an index been provided.

So, if you're willing or able to deal with an advanced-user layout, get this book. It's a gem. Otherwise, beg the publisher to make a beginners' glossary out of it. 

Thursday, February 2, 2012

Sequence of Tenses (video)



A little something (very rough as it is my first full-length video with a pen) for advanced students working on sequence of tenses in Latin.

Thursday, January 26, 2012

Verbs: Which conjugation is it in? Part 1

I've recently been fielding some questions about verb conjugation. As in: how do I know what conjugation any given verb is in. No problem.

Since you are memorizing the principal parts of verbs (and you should), you will probably have noticed the patterns in the chart.


1st Conj
2nd Conj
3rd Conj
3io
4th Conj
1st and 2nd principal part endings
-ō/-āre
-eō/-ēre
-ō/-ere
-iō/-ere
-iō/īre

And really, that's about all there is to it. If your verb has the -ō/-āre pattern, it's first conjugation. Very, very simple. There are no tricks. You can even ignore the macrons!

Next up: a quiz.

Tuesday, January 17, 2012

Catullus project

I'm starting to work on a project that will help students working on their own be able to read Catullus's poetry. Now, I'll be the first to admit that Catullus may have had a bit of, well, questionable content in his poetry. However his poetry can really resonate with young people—I know it did for me.

It is grossly incomplete and in the beginning stages of work, but I'm working in sort of a greatest hits order—the stuff students are likely to read anyway. If you want, you can check out the first one that I've got complete in both Latin and English.

If you were a student studying this poetry, what else would you like to see?

Friday, January 13, 2012

Free book

Well, not perfectly free. Let me explain.

Here's the story. I've got this book I published. Now, naturally I'd like for you to buy it. Preferably lots of copies so I can go on vacation with my family in Bora Bora—or somewhere else equally ridiculous. No actually, the money would go to more mundane stuff like groceries. I digress.

I've got 8 copies. One of them is free for you if you meet the following criteria:
   • Teach Latin to young kids (or have done so)
   • Homeschool
   • Have an active blog that gets more than 300 hits per month
   • Will write a review of the book (and link to the Amazon page)

If this is you, and you want a free book—drop me an e-mail. Or, if you want, check out the free eBook version I keep at my website. 


Wednesday, January 4, 2012

Reading out loud

Here is me reciting Catullus 101.



Do you see what I did? Yes, I read it out loud.

This is really key to making progress with Latin. Or any other language really, but especially with Latin since you won't be hearing much of it.

So here's a New Year's resolution for the silent Latin readers: read out loud. It will help.

Wednesday, December 21, 2011

Verb endings

I'm sure you've noticed by now that Latin has a whole disconcerting fleet of endings. Endings for nouns, adjectives, verbs, everything. Any properly transitive verb has 134 possible forms. This seems really daunting. The truth is that you really only need four, yes four, to deal with the most common forms: 3rd person singular and plural. All tenses, voices and moods.




Singular
Plural
Active
-t
-nt
Passive
-tur
-ntur


This will get you about 85% of the way home. And yes, I'm aware that there is more to the ending than the chart. This is meant to be quick and dirty. Of course, you'll want to get all the way there, but sometimes quick and dirty is what you need.




Main
Passive
Perfect
1st S
-o/-m
-r
-i
2nd S
-s
-ris
-isti
3rd S
-t
-tur
-it
1st P
-mus
-mur
-imus
2nd P
-tis
-mini
-istis
3rd P
-nt
-ntur
-erunt


Obviously there are a few more wrinkles, but this will allow you to get to person and number immediately in only 19 endings. What's cool about this setup is that the perfect tense immediately announces itself with it's odd endings (32%). This is good. It means you now know tense for nearly 1/3 of all verbs. If you know the -ba- signal for the imperfect (13%), you can almost (but not quite) assume the rest is present tense (40%). (Of course I'm making some pretty free assumptions here, they aren't necessarily true. I'm trying to show you how easy this can be.)

So here's the upshot: Four endings get you nearly everything you need to know about a verb. Four.

Note: All percentages drawn from a most excellent book, though not really meant for students as much as teachers. Distler, Paul. Teach the Latin, I Pray You. 

Tuesday, December 13, 2011

Latin Adjectives, part 4

Now for the quiz. Or maybe you need to study! Part 1, Part 2, Part 3

Highlight the blank areas after the work answer for the answer.

1. One of these things doesn't matter. Case, number, gender, declension. Which?
Answer:  Declension.
2. One of these noun/adjective pairs doesn't match. Which one?
illi viri
omnis oppidis
diebus longis
Answer: omnis oppidis
3. You look up an adjective in the dictionary. You find this:
fortis, -e – adj – strong, brave
What declension endings do you use?
Answer: 3rd declension
4. Using the adjective, match it with the bold word in the sample sentence.

fortis, -e – adj – strong, brave
Sample sentence: Puer parvus cibum ad mulierem iacit.
Answer: fortem
5. You look up another adjective in thedictionary. You find this:
miser, -era, -erum – adj – poor
What declension endings do you use?
Answer: 1st/2nd declension
6. One of these ablative noun/adjective pairs is wrong. Which one
mari lato
igne omne
viro forti
muliere callida
Answer: igne omne
7. What's the problem with #6?
Answer: 3rd declension adjectives use i-stem endings, and the ablative case singular goes one further and uses -i as its ending.
How did you do?

Wednesday, December 7, 2011

Latin resources

This is a re-post from my other blog, Dead Linguist. I think you'll find these videos useful. I hope.

1. The introduction



2. A bit of history



3. Resources for beginners



3 1/2. Resources for not-so-beginners


4. Sample of real Latin



Tuesday, December 6, 2011

Latin Adjectives, part 3

Last time we looked at how adjective/noun pairs do not care about agreeing in declension.  This time, I want to talk a little bit about 3rd declension adjectives. They can be a little tricky.

The first think you need to know is this: they are all 3rd declension i-stem. But with one added surprise. This is really important. Important enough to merit a declension chart. So here it is.




Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
M/F sing
omnis
omnis
omni
omem
omni
N sing
omne
omne
M/F pl
omnes
omnium
omnibus
omnes
omnibus
N pl
omnia
omnia


See how in the ablative singular it is omni, instead of the omne we might expect? Why is that? I don't know but, it isn't a problem. This pattern makes the 3rd declension adjectives just a shade more like the 2nd declension.

The one last thing that is tricky about 3rd declension adjectives is the number of nominative singular forms each has.

If the pattern is -is, -e, then you have a two nominative adjective. Genitive is the same as the first nominative, as you see in the chart. If the pattern is -er, -ris, -re, it is three nominatives. Like the 2nd declension -er adjectives, sometimes they keep the e. Sometimes not. The English derivative will usually help keep you on track with the e. If the adjective looks like a noun, you have one nominative for all three genders. It is very typical for these to end with an -x. To show examples:
omnis, -e — 2 nominative singular forms. See the -is, -e?
acer, -cris, -cre — 3 nominative singular forms. See how the 1st one looks a little like a 2nd declension adjective?
loquax, -cis — 1 nominative singular form. See the -x, -cis?
Next time, a quiz.